Automotive | All About Automotive

A production version of the Kee Coupe concept could be brought to market if Kia design director Peter Schreyer has his way. In an interview with Autocar, Schreyer acknowledged that the Kee Coupe could be attractive to customers that do not currently consider the company's cars for purchase.

According to John Krafcik, the president and CEO of Hyundai Motor America, the 2011 will be a very busy year with at least four new vehicle scheduled to make their official US premieres. The all-new Elantra sedan, codenamed MD, and next-generation subcompact Accent are already familiar to us.


2012 Veloster out there on the web, we managed to acquire some basic info on its powertrain options. The Veloster coupe powertrain line-up will include two four-cylinder engines, including a base 1.6L GDI four with estimated power output of 145 ponies.


The Veloster was first shown off as a 2+2 concept at the 2007 Seoul Auto Show. If produced, it could get odd-shaped doors, and conceptual hatchback as a way of setting itself apart from other cars in the same segment. Look for pricing to be sub-$22k.


The Veloster concept car featured an exciting exterior and interior design and that is expected to remain very attractive on a production model as well. According to John Krafcik, the Veloster is not going to be an ordinary styled two-door coupe, but rather a very unique sports car with many segment-first styling elements. Those include a uniquely designed doors and rear hatch.


More details, on the upcoming Hyundai Elantra and Accent replacements are expected to bow soon. Hyundai will also intensify pre-production testings of both cars, so you can also expect to see more spy shots surfacing to the web within next couple of months.

There are some cars that can take your breath away with their overwhelming looks. On the other hand, there exist some cars with designs that are very mundane and ordinary, while some car designs can amaze you with their oddities and unusualness. Here is the list of 5 cars with weird designs:

1. Mercedes-Benz Count Trossi SSK
Luxury car maker Mercedes-Benz has named this "Count Trossi" SSK after the "aristocratic" Italian race-car driver Count Carlo Felice Trossi. This car actually has a very stylish set of wheels, despite having 'weird car design'. This car had been extremely successful in the Le Mans, Monaco, and the Mille Miglia.

There are only four original models of the Count Trossi SSK in the world and each is a 'holy grail' among car collectors. Recently one model from 1929 sold for US$7.4 million!

2. Peugeot Honey-B
The Peugeot Honey-B like its namesake looks pretty much like a big honey bee on wheels! It seems like a Peugeot car designer must have got stung by a honeybee one day and he decided to immortalize his 'honeybee experience' and came up with this strange car.

Like bees, it is aerodynamic, but unlike bees, it is a Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) powered by hydrogen fuel cells. This Honey-B boasts of seats with techno-cool hydraulic arms that help various preset adjustments which means they retract automatically to your preferred position once you're seated!

3. Hondo Puyo
The Honda Puyo can be termed as the "Weird-great Puyo". The little information we found on this 'weirdo' car tells us that this is a concept car which runs on hydrogen fuel. Unlike the fuel-cell powered Honda FCX, the Puyo prides on "no sharp edges" and is covered in soft silicone so that it can absorb light collisions. If you are planning to ride this, you have to use a joystick instead of a steering wheel.

4. Nissan Moon Buggy
Fueled by imagination, designer Robert Hoffmann drew up this Nissan Moon Buggy concept for an auto magazine. This weird car is very unlikely to go into production. This strange Nissan Moon Buggy has been inspired by the Lunar Modules.

The car has oversize rear wheels that are supposed to provide more efficiency in maneuverability. Not only that, when it reaches high speeds, Ailerons are deployed for increased aerodynamics, Ailerons are commonly found on fixed-wing aircraft!

To be honest, the car looks like a cross between an alien and an iPod.

5. Nissan Pivo 2
Who says no car designers design cars for gals? The Nissan Pivo 2 is just not a 'girlie-girlie' car concept but a very urbane one in that! It is powered by advanced compact lithium-ion batteries and features a unique rotating cabin, which means no reverse gear is required! The four wheels are powered by electric engine and can turn through 90 degrees to allow the Pivo 2 to drive sideways as well as forward. The Pivo 2 looks as if it has come from the Pixar Studio!

The prestigious Land Rover Range Rover brand has created a luxury sport utility vehicle this year that proves the company is focused on consistently out-doing itself - the Range Rover Supercharge. And Imagine Lifestyles has added one to our fleet of luxury rental cars.

Land Rover has a reputation of both on and off-road prowess, a legend on four-wheels. For that reason, the Supercharge was crafted for rugged off-roading, and to entice on the regular roadways as well. We have always been impressed with Land Rover Range Rover as a brand, and have invested in it many times.

Specs of the five passenger Supercharge Range Rover include a 4.2-liter superchargedV8 engine capable of 400 horsepower. The V8 was an environmentally friendly option, the Supercharge still has plenty of muscle, but consumes less fuel than a V10 or V12 would.

Two editions are available, the HSE and the Supercharge. The Range Rover HSE features a 4.4-liter V8 engine, capable of 305 horsepower. Both powerplants have six-speed automatic transmissions with CommandShift manual shift mode, full-time four-wheel drive with Land Rover's acclaimed "Terrain Response" system and electronic air suspension. The only challenge is to find the most rugged destination you can locate, and feel the vehicle respond!

The HSE comes standard with 19-inch alloy wheels, bi-xenon headlights, a power sunroof, heated leather seats, satellite radio, Bluetooth wireless connectivity and a navigation system.

The Supercharged includes all of the standard HSE amenities, and takes some of them a notch further. The legs on the Supercharge are exclusive 20-inch alloy wheels, interior leather and wood trim are upgraded, front seats are both heated and cooled, four-zone climate control and there is a rear seat entertainment system. One could effectively live inside.

With all that off-roading potential, safety is accounted for in every step of the design process. This is evident in the safety features, including nine airbags (it's a 5 passenger ride), electronic stability control with traction control and roll mitigation, four-wheel anti-lock brakes with brake assist, front and rear fog lights, tire pressure monitoring, and park assist. In other words, Range Rover has you covered as you roam the land.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ryan_Safady

The Bugatti Type 57 concept is a creation of Edwin Conan, the same designer who produced the Audi Avatar concept. However unlike the extremely futuristic Avatar, the Type 57 Evoluzione is a distinctly retro-inspired concept which is heavily influenced by the original Bugatti Type 57 from the 1930s.

The proposed drivetrain for the Bugatti Type 57 Evoluzione is a front-mid mounted W16 engine derived from the Veyron's. However in the Type 57 Evoluzione the engine would be modified to run on hydrogen.


The classical shape with a long, stretched bonnet and gently curving cabin evokes a sense of fluidity and movement. It doesn't look particularly sporty or dynamic. It does however look extremely luxurious, expensive and exclusive. Conan has also reintroduced the split line which bisects the car neatly down the middle.


This design cue was one of the trademark styling elements of the Type 57 Atlantic. The enclosed wheel arches are another prominent design feature of the concept.

About the Author

http://www.mahindrascorpio.com

About the Author

Jeff is an avid article writer and business owner who enjoys writing about various topics in health, dating, entertainment, music, pets, and anything that he enjoys. You can visit one of his websites at Best Baby Toys where you can learn about Baby Activity Toys.

The biggest changes in the new Volvo C30 T5 R-Design are actually hidden beneath the skin. While the car's extroverted body kit and design cues are easy to see, it is the chassis and the steering that have been the main focus of attention. The aim is to create a sporty driving experience and a sophisticated feeling of comfort.

The R-Design chassis has been modified in several areas. Stiffer bushings allow for more precise steering. The steering ratio is lower, giving 10 percent faster response to driver input. Spring stiffness has been increased by 30 percent in order to better maintain the C30 T5 R-Design's poise during enthusiastic driving. The mono-tube dampers are stiffer and build up pressure much more quickly. The roll stabilizers are stiffer to reduce any leaning tendency when taking corners.


The new sport chassis has made the C30 R-Design a better-balanced and more agile car. Road contact is more distinct and feedback from the wheels is faster and clearer, promoting a more alert feeling while driving.


The most noticeable design change is an all-new body kit featuring a redesigned front and rear. The body kit is monochromatic, giving a visual impression that the car has been lowered by much more than the actual 10 mm reduction in ride height. The new C30 R-Design is also equipped with 18-inch "Midir" diamond cut alloy wheels, just like the rest of the R-Design range. The interior is now available with dramatic new black upholstery as an alternative.


Pricing and Options

2011 C30 T5 - $24,600*
2011 C30 T5 R-Design - $26,950*

Preferred Package - $1,800
Power driver seat
Power passenger seat
Keyless drive (R-Design only)
Power glass moonroof
Aluminum Inlay (T5 Only)

Climate Package - $900
Heated front seats
Headlight washers
Interior Air Quality System (IAQS)
Electronic climate control
Rainsensor windshield wipers

Multimedia Package - $2,000
Dynaudio premium sound system with Dolby Pro Logic II surround sound
Navigation system with real-time traffic
2 complimentary map updates

Stand Alone Options
Metallic paint - $550
Premium Electric Silver Metallic Pain (R-Design only) - $675
5-speed automatic transmission with Geartronic - $1,250
Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) - $700
SIRIUS satellite radio with complimentary 6-month subscription - $400
Dual Xenon Active Bending Lights (ABL) - $800
Portable navigation system - $750
Leather seating surfaces - $1,200
Exterior styling kit (C30 T5 only) - $1,445
Interior styling kit (C30 T5 only) - $295

The 2010 Volvo Cars model lineup includes the award-winning S40 and its wagon counterpart the V50; the award-winning XC90; the flagship S80 luxury sedan; versatile V70 wagon and rugged XC70 (Cross Country); the stunning C70 retractable hardtop convertible; the dynamic C30 and the new XC60 with standard City Safety.

*prices do not include destination charges of $850

A new name, a new segment, a new car. Is there a more fascinating challenge for a car designer? Bold and surprising design was what the Audi team was aiming for in 2007 when it designed the A1 project quattro for the Tokyo Motor Show and again in 2008 for the A1 Sportback concept for the Paris Auto Show. Both studies are emotion-packed visions for a new, young target group and the particular requirements of city driving, and have been systematically refined ever since. The future is almost here: The countdown to the A1 is on.


The car is still a secret, yet Stefan Sielaff, Head of Design at AUDI AG, is already talking about the future smallest model in the Audi family. "The new A1 has Audi design in its genes. Like all Audi models, the ratio of greenhouse to body is between 1:3 and 2:3. The front overhang is short, but the wheel wells are pronounced, giving the A1 a wide road stance."


The Audi design team has also come up with something special for the C-pillar. The coupé-like silhouette of the A1 is clearly different from that of the A3. "Audi is renowned for taking a lot of features of its showcars into series production. The roof arch is a unique characteristic of the Tokyo showcar; there is a certain dynamism in the flow of the A- and C-pillars. An important detail for customization; that much I can tell you," said Sielaff. There will be many ways to customize the A1 to your personal ideas, especially in the interior.


The single-frame grille - a central Audi design feature - will identify the A1 as an Audi. But there's a surprise in store. "We'll do something here, maybe with the corners and the width of the grille," says Sielaff. This will affect the headlights. But more on that in January 2010.

Mercedes is set to show off its future look at next month's Detroit motor show with a concept that hints at its next design direction.

In an interview with AutoCar, Mercedes' chief designer, Gordon Wagener, said "We want to elevate our design towards art and if any company can do it Mercedes can." He added that the concept will be a "long and exaggerated" showpiece which is not intended to foreshadow any production model.


Wagener wouldn't be drawn on exact details of the Detroit concept but admitted that it was a "pure design concept which is long and exaggerated" but with no firm clues to a specific production model.




Look for more information to be released when the concept is officially unveiled early next month.

Tokyo - TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION (TMC) announces the introduction of the "Prius Plug-in Hybrid", a plug-in version of the third-generation "Prius" gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle, into key markets. Approximately 600 units will be introduced in Japan, the United States, and Europe over the first half of 2010, for use by governments and businesses.

In Japan, TMC will lease approximately 230 units to government ministries, local governments selected for the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's EV & PHV Towns program, corporations such, as electric power companies, and other entities. In the United States, approximately 150 units will be provided to government agencies, corporations, universities and research agencies for use in a demonstration program aimed at collecting driving data and spurring the development of battery-charging infrastructure. In Europe, TMC will lease approximately 200 units, with approximately 100 going to the City of Strasbourg, France. The Prius Plug-in Hybrid will also be introduced in the United Kingdom and Portugal, with the company also considering 10 other European countries, including Germany and the Netherlands, along with countries in other regions, such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid can be charged using an external power source such as a household electric outlet, and is the first vehicle produced by TMC to be propelled by a lithium-ion battery. Further, due to the battery's expanded capacity, the vehicle has an extended electric-vehicle driving range, enabling use as an electric vehicle (EV) for short distances, while for medium and long distances, after battery power depletes to a level no longer allowing EV driving mode, the vehicle functions as a conventional gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (HV). Thus, use is not constrained by remaining battery power or availability of battery-charging infrastructure.

Furthermore, plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), such as the Prius Plug-in Hybrid, are expected to achieve fuel efficiency superior to conventional gasoline-electric HVs, reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and reduce CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollution. Verifications and rules that gauge the performance of a PHV differ from region to region, but in Japan, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid has a cruising range in EV mode of approximately 23 km with a fully charged battery, and an average PHV fuel efficiency of 57km/L and CO2 emissions1 of 41 g/km under specified driving conditions combining driving performance both as an EV and as a HV. (Results are based on the JC08 Japanese test cycle2 and verified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan.)

TMC believes that, to meet the diversification of energy sources, plug-in hybrid vehicles are a highly suitable environmentally considerate option. TMC is therefore actively encouraging market introduction and aiding understanding, and to promote the soonest widespread use of PHVs, TMC will analyze feedback regarding the Prius Plug-in Hybrid, with an aim to begin sales in the tens of thousands of units to the general public in two years.

TMC promotes the use of energy sources other than gasoline, such as electricity, to limit the consumption of fossil fuels and to reduce CO2 emissions. Thus, the company is accelerating the development of electricity-related technologies honed by experience gained from 12 years selling gasoline-electric HVs, the market introduction of the "RAV4 EV" SUV and the leasing of fuel-cell HVs.


1Includes only CO2 emissions generated during vehicle operation, not those generated in the production of electricity used to charge the vehicle's battery.

2Newer Japanese test method than the preceding 10-15 test cycle that better approximates actual driving conditions, meaning that the fuel consumption rates tend to be slightly lower than those measured under the 10-15 test cycle. Fuel-consumption rates and cruising distances are values from specified test conditions. Average fuel consumption and cruising distances will vary markedly depending on such variables as driving conditions and driving methods, particularly, daily driving distance, the battery's charge level and air-conditioner use.

Newly Developed Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle System
The Prius Plug-in Hybrid features the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) II Plug-in, based on the THS II hybrid system used for the Prius, with a new, battery-charging system to facilitate highly efficient charging of the vehicle's lithium-ion battery from an external power source.

Use of electricity from an external source dramatically decreases gasoline consumption, with the vehicle measuring an average plug-in hybrid fuel efficiency of 57 km/l. In EV mode the vehicle has a cruising range of 23.4 km (under the JC08 Japanese test cycle) and top cruising speeds up to 100 km/h.

The vehicle comes in Light Blue Mica Metallic-exclusive to the Prius Plug-in Hybrid-while the side-view mirrors, door handles and trim around rear license plate is in high-gloss silver. This color combination creates a cutting-edge image befitting such a next-generation vehicle.

Displays for PHV-specific Information
Special selectable screens that display information for PHV operation have been added to the Prius-base car navigation system and the Eco-Drive Monitor. The screens display information to assist EV-mode driving (using battery power only), as well as provide an enjoyable way to check battery-charge level and resulting fuel consumption.

Source:Toyota

Dubai, UAE – December 15, 2009 - Kepler Motors, founded by World Speed Record Holder Russ Wicks, will unveil its groundbreaking MOTION supercar at the tenth annual Dubai International Motor Show, December 16-20. Infusing state-of-the-art automotive engineering and applied science materials with the latest advanced technologies, the MOTION redefines the paradigms of the supercar with unprecedented performance, style, exclusivity, safety and efficiency.

The MOTION sets a new standard with all-wheel drive Dual Powertrain Technology (DPT) which provides a combined 800 hp. Power comes from a 550 hp, modified Ford EcoBoost twin- turbo 3.5-liter V6 driving the rear wheels acting independently of a 250 hp electric motor driving the front wheels. This unique AWD system launches the MOTION to 60 mph under 2.5 seconds with a top speed over 200 mph.


"We're delighted to host the worldwide debut of the Kepler Motors MOTION at the Dubai International Motor Show," said Wicks. "The region has a passion for ultra high performance, limited edition supercars, and presents the ideal platform to showcase the advanced technology and innovative features of the MOTION."


The MOTION is developed from the ground up by a team of hand-picked design engineers, aerodynamicists, product development, and manufacturing specialists and incorporates a number of leading edge technologies such as active suspension, active aerodynamics, launch control and programmable track assistant system.

Lightweight, powerful, balanced and efficient, the MOTION features extensive use of carbon fiber composite materials for its monocoque chassis and body. The light, strong and highly impact-resistant structure provides a two-seat cabin designed to accommodate drivers of above average size, in a stylish, sophisticated and aerodynamically efficient design.


The MOTION uses StopTech's new Continuous Carbon Ceramic (C3) AeroRotors on all four wheels to ensure smooth, fade-free stopping power. Comprising silicon carbide ceramic material reinforced with long, continuous carbon fibers, the unique C3 brake rotor material offers greater mechanical durability and unique heat transfer capabilities when compared to competitive carbon-ceramic rotors.


As only 50 MOTIONs will ever be produced, ownership will go to a small, exclusive and elite group of individuals. Each vehicle will be hand assembled and deliveries will start in 2011.

About the Author

Carazoo is India's First & Only Car Portal with Interactive Animations. Get FREE Quote & Test Drive, Compare Cars, Read Reviews, Articles, News, & Blogs. Get Best deals & discounts, View Interactive Animations.

TECHART Automobildesign really set the sparks flying at this year`s trial of strength at the High Speed Event in Nardo/Italy. Test driver Sandro Reuter reached a top speed of 321,2 km/h, respectively 200 mph, with the TECHART refined Porsche Cayenne Turbo. TECHART thus secured a new speed record for Fullsize-SUVs. The circular 12.4 kilometer track is still considered to be the world´s fastest motor racing circuit, even ahead of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the United States.








The winner car, refined with the TECHART equipment, is based on a Porsche Cayenne Turbo with Turbo S technology. The installed TA 055/2.2 performance kit takes the engine up to 680 hp, an increase of 130 hp compared with the standard production model. The Aerodynamics Kit I, together with the "Sport" air suspension module, additionally delivered the necessary performance on the circuit.








But thought was also given to TECHART´s usual external upgrades on the vehicle. The TECHART daytime running lights, sports steering wheel, carbon kit, aluminium pedals, decorative stitching and seat belts in gray, additional leather in Luxury Black and illuminated door entry guards with the TECHART logo made the car to a highlight in the pit lane.








Along with the driver`s skills, this success was primarily driven by the perfect, systematic adjustment of the wheels and the suspension. For the record run at moderate temperatures the TECHART Team chose Continental Cross Contact UHP high-performance tires on 22-inch TECHART Formula rims, which were exposed to specific loading as a result of the one-sided cornering on the circuit. Longstanding TECHART test driver Sandro Reuter said with great satisfaction: "The SUV was ideally prepared for the event. Both the engine and the tires showed a high level of performance and consistency."

World Record in Nardo

For the tuning elite, the dates of 18/19 October 2009 represented a very special time in the calendar:

the High Performance Event by Continental and Auto Bild SportsCars in Nardo.

Nardo - an oval over 12 km, on which speeds far above 250 km/h can be - and are - achieved!

For Steinmetz Opel-Tuning and Klasen Motors, the ideal place for breaking the existing speed world record for a road-legal Opel... and for setting a new record of 287.4 km/h.

The latest Klasen Motors product range for the performance upgrade:

A modified intercooler, larger turbo with 3" exhaust system including rear silencer, modified fuel injection system and reprogrammed engine electronics are the components responsible for the incredible performance upgrade.Developing 400 HP at 5250 rpm and 550 Nm, there is plenty of power available in every situation to satisfy even the keenest and most enthusiastic driver.

The 2010 Mazda MX-5 Miata Specs

- Halogen Headlights, AM/FM Radio With Seek, Speed Sensitive Volume and 6 Speakers Total; CD Player; MP3/WMA Player

- 2010 Mazda MX-5 MIATA is 2.0-Liter, VVT 16-Valve, MPFI Engine; Front/Longitudinal Mounted With Horsepower Of 167@7000, Torque Of 140@5000.

- Leather Steering Wheel, Front Carpeted Floor Mats, Black Vinyl Located On Doors

- Passenger Airbag Cutoff Switch, Front Side Airbags, Driver Airbag, Passenger Airbag, Automatic Locking Retractor

- Power Speed Sensing Rack and Pinion Variable Assisted Steering

- Front Stabilizer Bar, Independent Multi-Link Rear Suspension With Coil Springs and Gas Charged Shock Absorbers, Rear Stabilizer Bar, Independent Double Wishbone Front Suspension With Coil Springs and Gas Charged Shock Absorbers

I've driven a used Porsche Cayenne S for a few years, during which I've enjoyed trouble-free, exciting motoring. My motivation for buying the Cayenne was a growing family and also my job, which takes me around the countryside doling out agricultural advice. I owned a Porsche Boxster for a while so I knew I'd be happy and in familiar hands with the Cayenne. I'll admit I wasn't entirely convinced by the off-road claims but that's the great benefit of buying used - you gain from the experiences of others. Though some die-hard Porsche lovers have spurned the Cayenne, I'm totally on side. This is a triumph for Porsche in every way.

I'm happy to say the Cayenne is more than capable of dealing with challenging terrain. It's certainly not sluggish either, delivering a 0-62mph speed of 6.7 seconds. There's no compromise on that famous Porsche driving experience at all, for it's every bit as impressive and great fun to drive on any surface.

Interior space is generous and the kids have all the room they need in the back of the Cayenne. It's a pretty big car, over seven feet wide, so there's no feeling of confinement in back or front. The split seats are a great bonus for me day to day, allowing me to stow equipment efficiently and easily. The boot can capacity is a massive 540 litres, so unsurprisingly I've yet to find myself struggling for space, and that's even with all the kids' football and cricket kit, too.

The Used Porsche Cayenne's comfort factor is really good, with leather upholstery throughout. The driving position is excellent, too, offering a very good view of the road ahead. I can be driving for most of the day sometimes, so the supportive seats are much needed.

Porsche's Cayenne has taken the off-road market by storm since its launch, and it's good to know I'm not alone in thinking this is a superb addition to the Porsche range, diversion from character though it may be.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Pete_Ridgard

FAB Design has refined the new Porsche Panamera and turned the conservative, standard product into a dream car.

The tuners from Mellingen have expanded their programme from one originally limited to Mercedes to now include the FAB Exclusive Line. Here, mainly in accordance with customers' wishes, small numbers – limited to no more than 15 – of other luxury brands are developed. In such a way were Maybach and McLaren refined. The FAB Panamera is, therefore, the first – but definitely not the last – vehicle from this new series that doesn't come from the house of Daimler.


The sport limousine modified for the first time by FAB catches the eye mainly because of its extrovert Wide Bodykit. Its made of a sportily redesigned front element with powerful cooler intakes and an all encompassing front spoiler. The front hood and other external accessories are naturally made of real carbon. The eye of the beholder falls immediately on the widened wing that takes in the rear passenger doors so elegantly that the vehicle seems more like a coupé.

In addition the side skirts were made to fit the design and connect the line of the front apron with the rear of the vehicle – on which is enthroned a completely new form of rear spoiler that receives the optimum air stream from the roof spoiler and that ideally fits the vehicle's performance. Beneath it can be found the FAB rear skirt with an integrated diffuser and three trapeziform, centrally placed endpipes.



The carbon fibre rear wings mentioned above are designed to improve the output at the rear of the vehicle, then the engineers from Mellingen haven't let the performance go unnoticed. After the modification the 4.8 litre turbo delivers up to 700 PS. By mounting a lowering module the vehicle's centre of gravity is lowered by around 20 millimetres. A sports braking system that peeps out from behind the three-part, 22 inch spoked rims takes care of the appropriate negative acceleration.